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《采薇(节选)》原文翻译及赏析_作者佚名昔我往矣杨柳依依今我来思雨雪霏霏行道迟迟载渴载饥我心悲伤莫知我哀采薇是诗经小雅中的一篇历代注者关于它的写作年代说法不一但据它的内容和其它历史记载的考订大约是周宣王时代的作品的可能性大些周代北方的猃狁即后来的匈奴已十分强悍经常入侵中原给当时北方人民生活带来不少灾难历史上有不少周天子派兵戍守边外和命将士出兵打败猃狁的记载从采薇的内容看当是将士戍役劳还时之作诗中唱出从军将士的艰辛生活和思归的情怀全诗分六章前三章叠出以采薇起兴写薇由作而柔而刚而戍役军士远别家乡历久不归思乡之情忧心不已作者写道山薇啊你发芽了出生了我们总该回家了吧但转眼又是一年我们都顾不上家室这却是为何呢为了猃狁入侵之故我们连好好坐上一会儿也来不及也是为了猃狁之故我们需要攻战又到了采薇的时候薇叶长大了枝叶柔嫩这下总该回家了吧心里的忧伤如此炽烈为战事奔波我们戍期未定谁难替我们带回家信山薇长得粗壮刚健了这下该回家了吧已是阳春十月了可是王事没完还没法闲暇忧伤的心情好不痛苦却无人相慰劳四五两章是写边关战事繁忙紧张那盛开的花是什么是棠棣之花用花之盛起兴喻出征军伍车马服饰之盛那好大好大的是什么那是将士的军车兵车既已驾起战马高大雄健战事频繁军队又要迁徙岂敢定居驾着四匹昂首高大的公马军将们坐在战车上步兵们蔽依车后战马威武雄健兵士手中的象骨的弓和鱼皮箭袋时时佩在身边猃狁的侵战如此强大猖狂马能不日日加强戒备这两章写的是猃狁的匈悍而周家军队盛大的军威纪律严正卒伍精强但是戍役的生活也是艰辛而紧张的这些都是作者用写实的笔法来写的第六章则笔锋一转写出征人在还乡路上饱受饥寒痛定思痛的哀伤心情想起出征之时那依依杨柳枝茂叶盛而此时风雪归程路远天寒又饥又渴可谓十分狼狈而又凄苦晋人谢玄把昔我往矣四句论为三百篇中最好的诗句在文学史上影响极大常为后世文人反复吟唱仿效由于诗经素以浑厚质朴著称这类如此凄婉动人的作品确属不多因而它便成了诗经抒情作品的一个典范而为历代文学家所称颂这首诗的主题是严肃的猃狁的凶悍周家军士严阵以待作者以戍役军士的身份描述了以天子之命命将帅遣戊役守卫中国军旅的严肃威武生活的紧张艰辛作者的爱国情怀是通过对猃狁的仇恨来表现的更是通过对他们忠于职守的叙述不遑启居不遑启处岂敢定居岂不日戒和他们内心极度思乡的强烈对比来表现的全诗再衬以动人的自然景物的描写薇之生薇之柔薇之刚棠棣花开依依杨柳霏霏雨雪都烘托了军士们日戒的生活心里却是思归的情愫这里写的都是将士们真真实实的思想忧伤的情调并不降低本篇作为爱国诗篇的价值恰恰相反是表现了人们的纯真朴实合情合理的思想内容和情感也正是这种纯正的真实性赋予了这首诗强盛的生命力和感染力从写作上看它和诗经的许多作品一样用以薇起兴的手法加上章法词法上重沓叠奏使内容和情趣都得以层层铺出渐渐深化也增强了作品的音乐美和节奏感全诗有记叙有议论有景物有抒情有心理描写搭配错落有致又十分妥贴因此采薇节选一篇确是诗经中最好的篇章之一
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